Space Medicine

 

Space medicine is the brand of medicine involved in protecting human beings from the environment of space, at the same time, studying their reactions to that environment. The foundations of space medicine can be traced back to aviation medicine, and the term aerospace medicine has evolved to encompass activity in both areas. Aerospace medicine has been a certified sub specialty of the American Board of Preventive Medicine since 1953. In addition to physicians, however, engineers, veterinarians, dentists, nurses, physiologists, psychologists, bacteriologists, toxicologists, pharmacologists, and biochemists, also work in the field of space medicine. Specialist in space medicine are involved in all aspects of space flight, from spacecraft design and crew selection to flight operations and post flight review.

The early history of spaceflight was characterized by deep concern on the part of many scientists that human would not be able to withstand the rigors of spaceflight especially during lunch and reentry, and might not be able to function usefully in space. As a result of this concern, the United States flew a number of monkeys aboard captured German V-2 rockets between 1948 and 1952. These early flights provided some launch and reentry data on comparable life forms and demonstrated the need for effective and reliable life-support system. Between 1949 and 1956 the Soviet Union flew 15 similar flights using dogs, some flights reaching an altitude of 213 km (132 mi). A dog named Laika was then launched aboard sputnik 2 on Nov. 3, 1957, and orbited the Earth for seven days until she was finally euthanatized. Between 1958 and 1961 the United States flew monkeys in several suborbital and orbital missions. These flights showed that pulse and respiration rates, blood pressure, and performance of specific tasks for which the monkeys had been trained were basically unaffected by spaceflight.
On Apr.  12, 1961, the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin demonstrated for the first time that human beings could safely orbit the earth. His flight confirmed a U.S. decision to use human rather than animals on succeeding spaceflights. The U.S. program proceeded cautiously, however, by gradually increasing the exposure time of humans in space and by carefully observing and reviewing the effects of each flight. The six U.S. astronauts who flew on project Mercury between May 1961 and May 1963 returned in good health, and as result, many of earlier medical concern about spaceflight were dispelled. 

The physiological functions of human crews in space have been measured by a variety of means over the years, ranging from simple sensors place on the body to monitor heart rate and respiration, to the use of techniques such as echocardiography and electroencephalography. The many thousands of hours of information thus gained on human activity in a weightless environment have proved that people can perform assigned tasks well and need suffer no permanent postflight physiological changes, even after missions lasting several months. To maintain an acceptable state of health, however, space crew do require an appropriate atmosphere, adequate food and rest periods, and sufficient time to acclimatize to space and also to the return to earth. The atmosphere, pressure, and temperature of spacecraft interiors are always strictly controlled in order to avoid serious or even fatal health hazards such as explosive decompression of the craft, the onset of decompression sickness, carbon dioxide narcosis, hypoxia, and other such problems. All material used in or brought aboard spacecraft are tasted beforehand for the potential release of toxic substances when in the spacecraft environment. As the late 1980s, seven human fatalities could be attributed to errors or malfunctions in life-support systems. 
An important concern is the radiation encountered in space since excessive exposure to such radiation can result in greater likelihood of developing certain kinds of cancer. A crew's exposure to radiation on many factors : 
- The type and length of the mission.
- The amount of shielding on the spacecraft.
- The relative altitude of the craft's orbit.
- The activity on the sun during the period of flight.
The average skin radiation close received on the Apollo missions ranged from 0.16 to 1.14 rads. which is less than the dose received with some diagnostic X-ray procedures. Another environmental concern is that of the natural circadian (24 hour) cycle of human body rhythms. These rhythms are maintained in the U.S.  program by keeping their crew on Houston time, and in the Soviet program by keeping their crew on Moscow time. The Soviet Union has attempted to alter the circadian rhythms of their cosmonauts by having them awaken 20 minutes earlier on each day during a long-term flight, but such efforts have not proved successful and are no longer tried.

Soil Bacteria help killing Cancer

In modern society, cancer is the disease most feared by the majority of people throughout the world, supplanting the "while death" or tuberculosis, of the last century. In the mid 1980s nearly 6 million new cancer cases and more than 4 milion deaths from cancer were being reported wold wide each year. The most common fatal form was stomach cancer (prevalent in Asia), but lung cancer was rising rapidly because of the spread of cigarettes smoking in developing countries. Also the increase was the third-greatest killer, breach cancer, particulary in China and Japan. The fourth on the list was colon or rectum cancer, a disease that mainly strikes the elderly.


Soil bacteria hold promise as a cure for cancer and tumors. Clostridium Sporognenes of bacteria spores can grow in an environment without oxygen, but only in solid tumors, such as breast, brain, and prostate. Researchers from the University of Nottingham, UK and University of Maastricht, the Netherlands, do genetic engineering to insert the enzyme into the soil bacteria to activate the cancer drug. Tests in animals, cancer drugs injected into the bloodstream and becomes active only when triggered by the enzyme. Professor Nigel Minton, who led the study says, C Sporogenes older types of bacteria on earth. Bacteria can grow in low oxygen conditions. "When the Clostridia spores enter the body of cancer patients, they will grow in low oxygen environments, which is the core of the tumor."

AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is a recently recognized disease. It is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks selected cells in the immune system and produces defects in function. These defects may not be apparent for years. They lead in a relentless fashion, however, to a severe suppression of the immune system's ability to resist harmful organisms. This leaves the body open to invasion by various infections, which are therefore called opportunistic disease, and to the development of unusual cancers. The virus also tends to reach certain brain cells. This leads to so-called neuropsychiatric abnormalities, or psychological disturbances caused by physical damage to nerve cells.
Since the first AIDS cases were reported in 1981, through mid-1989 more than 100,000 AIDS cases and more than 50,000 deaths have been reported in the United States alone. Central Africa in particular appears to suffer a heavy burden of this illness.
Many of those infected with HIV may not even be aware that they carry and can spread the virus. It is evident that HIV infection represents an epidemic of serious proportions. Combating it is a major challenge to biomedical scientists and health-care providers. Over the years to come, HIV infection and AIDS will represent one of the most pressing public-policy and public-health problems worldwide.
However, there is research to show that the growth of the HIV virus can be inhibited by one of the two types of consumption of juice, namely:
- Chile Peppers Juice
- Pumpkin Juice

Bee Sting For Treatment

If you feel the bee sting, the skin is red, swollen, hot and painful, causing inflammation in the area of bite. In fact, it has the advantage of bee stings to cure the disease. Approximately 80 kinds of diseases in humans can be cured with bee stings. Rheumatic diseases, headaches, and whiplash can be cure by bee stings. In principle, treatment with bee stings is to facilitate the path of blood circulation (facilitate the metabolic processes).
It is estimated that 1 gram of bee venom obtained from 100,000 stings. So if a person is given 1 mg of bee venom means you have 100 bee stings, but according to several studies for the treatment takes only 5-10 stings only, so if patients were given 200-300 successive shocks will lead poisoning may even cause death.
Treatment with bee stings should be extra careful and cautious. According to the experts who pursue treatment with bee stings in humans the disease can be cured quickly above method of treatment if done correctly and appropriately, especially in point of shock determine, the number of doses, and timing. For patients who have a habit of allergies, treatment with bee stings should be avoided because people who have allergies are usually level imunoglobin type (lgE) of excess E in the body while the bee stings will only increase innate levels of allergen lgE.
Examination requirements are as follows :


- what is perceived patient complaints ?
- whether the patient ever been stung before ?
- whether the patient is resistant to bee stings ?
- treatment is performed not on an empty stomach
- the patient must follow the rules given


Treatments with a sting Bee


In place of the sick patients would receive sting, after 4-5 days the patient received two sting, 4-5 the next day the patient received three times the sting and so on up to 6 times gradually. If the patients condition has improved by only 2 or 3 times a sting, the treatment can be stopped.
Treatment is usually given not more than 10 times the sting must be implemented in the appropriate place.

Allergy Medicine

Allergy is an abnormal reaction of the body to substances normally harmless. The main caused of Allergy such as pollen, dust, certain foods, drugs, and insect stings. The term allergy is of Greek origin and means "abnormal response". An estimated 35 million people in the United States suffer from various allergies, some of which are mistaken for the common cold.
The symptoms of allergy vary with the causative agent, which is called an allergen and with the part of the body affected. The symptoms, or allergic reactions, may include sneezing, watery eyes, and nasal congestion, as in hay fever and allergic rhinitis, a rash, stomach upset, and itchy swellings on the skin, as in some food or drug allergies.
Common allergens, in addition to those mentioned above include animal fur, feathers, cosmetics, textile dyes, smoke, bacteria, poison ivy and other plants, molds, chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, animal excretions, and blood serum received by transfusion, which may cause serum sickness. Even heat, cold, and light may cause allergy in susceptible gestion, or contact with the skin.
Many methods have been developed as allergy medicine for various allergies that occur, but the most famous is the allergy medicine, using mixture of juice of vegetables or fruit.
For more information about allergy medicine juice, then there are 4 types of juice can heal people with allergies. Among the four juice that can cure allergies are:
- Alfalfa Juice
- Celery Juice
- Parsley Juice
- Pumpkin Juice